Botany notes

Botany notes for NEET, chapter by chapter.

Plant physiology, reproduction, ecology, genetics, and NCERT facts. Full articles are being added progressively; this page keeps the content map ready for rollout.

18 chapters 172 planned subtopics NCERT aligned

The Living World

What is "Living"? — Defining Characteristics | Diversity in the Living World | Taxonomic Categories (Species → Kingdom)

4 planned subtopics

Biological Classification

Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification | Kingdom Monera — Archaebacteria & Eubacteria | Kingdom Protista

8 planned subtopics

Plant Kingdom

Algae — Classification (Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae) | Economic Importance of Algae | Bryophytes — Liverworts & Mosses

7 planned subtopics

Morphology of Flowering Plants

The Root — Types & Regions | Modifications of Root | The Stem — Functions & Features

14 planned subtopics

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

The Tissues — Meristematic | The Tissues — Permanent (Simple & Complex) | The Tissue Systems (Epidermal, Ground, Vascular)

11 planned subtopics

Cell — The Unit of Life

Cell Theory | Overview of Cell | Prokaryotic Cells

15 planned subtopics

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell Cycle & Phases (G1, S, G2, M) | Mitosis — Prophase to Telophase | Cytokinesis (Plant vs Animal)

9 planned subtopics

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Early Experiments on Photosynthesis | Where Does Photosynthesis Take Place? (Chloroplast) | Photosynthetic Pigments

12 planned subtopics

Respiration in Plants

Do Plants Breathe? | Glycolysis (EMP Pathway) | Fermentation — Aerobic & Anaerobic

9 planned subtopics

Plant Growth and Development

Growth — Definition, Phases, Rate | Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, Redifferentiation | Development — Plasticity

10 planned subtopics

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

The Flower — A Fascinating Organ | Pre-Fertilisation — Stamen, Microsporangium, Pollen Grain | Pre-Fertilisation — Pistil, Megasporangium, Embryo Sac

13 planned subtopics

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance — Overview | Monohybrid Cross & Law of Segregation | Dihybrid Cross & Law of Independent Assortment

12 planned subtopics

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

The DNA — Structure | Packaging of DNA Helix | The Search for Genetic Material — Griffith, Avery, Hershey-Chase

12 planned subtopics

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Plant Breeding — Steps | Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance | Plant Breeding for Pest Resistance

7 planned subtopics

Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in Household Products | Microbes in Industrial Products (Beverages, Antibiotics, Organic Acids, Enzymes) | Microbes in Sewage Treatment

6 planned subtopics

Organisms and Populations

Organisms and Their Environment | Major Abiotic Factors (Temperature, Water, Light, Soil) | Responses to Abiotic Factors (Regulate, Conform, Migrate, Suspend)

7 planned subtopics

Ecosystem

Ecosystem — Structure & Function | Productivity (GPP, NPP) | Decomposition

9 planned subtopics

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity — Three Levels (Genetic, Species, Ecosystem) | Patterns of Biodiversity (Latitudinal Gradients, Species-Area Relationship) | Importance of Species Diversity

7 planned subtopics